In the summer of 1942, someone was slipping through the windows of Pascagoula, Mississippi, kneeling beside sleeping children and cutting off their hair. He left wallets on dressers and valuables where they lay. The police chief's best explanation was Nazi sabotage, and the man eventually sent to prison for it later turned up alive after his own funeral.
Hair has always carried more meaning than a few strands of keratin should. In Ohio in 2011, a breakaway Amish leader named Sam Mullet was convicted of hate crimes after his followers forcibly cut the hair and beards of other Amish. Seventy years earlier, a Gulf Coast shipbuilding town learned how much terror one pair of scissors could cause.
A boomtown with the curtains drawn
Before the war, Pascagoula was a sleepy fishing village worn down by the Great Depression. Then the Ingalls Shipbuilding Corporation started hiring, and the population tripled almost overnight, from 5,000 to 15,000. Barracks went up fast, and locals took strangers into their homes. Women and Black workers suddenly landed good jobs as welders and electricians, jobs that had once gone only to white men.
It didn't feel like a boom, though. Rationing was in full swing, blackouts plunged the town into total darkness, and a Japanese submarine had already shelled the Oregon coast. Longtime residents no longer knew their neighbors. Police chief Ezell told his officers to check on anyone out wandering at night. People locked their doors and avoided eye contact on the street.
Scissors at the convent
On the night of June 5, 1942, a man crept into the sleeping quarters at the Our Lady of Victory convent school. Mary Evelyn Briggs, age 10, woke up to someone fingering her hair. He put a finger to his lips. She called out for Sister Camille, and he escaped through a window. Mary Evelyn and seven-year-old Edna Marie Hydel had lost ragged chunks of hair, probably to a razor or pocketknife. Eight-year-old Laura Briggs was the only girl in the room who kept hers.
Three days later he got into the Peattie home, even though adults were awake inside. A houseguest, Mrs. Henshaw, heard a noise from the twins' bedroom and assumed young David was having a nightmare. Something still bothered her, so she woke her husband. Then she found sand on her bedspread: "I looked closer and saw a big footprint in sand on a mattress pad." The window screen had been cut. Most of the hair at the back of Carol Peattie's head was gone, and so was the hair itself. Her mother had brushed it before bed and tied it back with a ribbon.
The fingerprints from the two scenes didn't match, and one officer suggested "there may be two or more working together." The method matched, though. At the convent, the intruder had climbed onto a wheelbarrow, cut the screen and left a footprint on the stove.
The night he brought a pipe
In the early hours of June 13, an intruder climbed into the bedroom of Terrell and Lillian Heidelberg and beat them with a heavy pipe two and a half feet long. Three of Lillian's front teeth were knocked out and later found in the bed. Terrell was left with long gashes on his head. Terrell's wallet and a pile of change sat untouched on the dresser. Bloodhounds found a pair of bloody gloves the attacker had taken from the Heidelbergs' car.
Chief Ezell began, "I am reluctant to admit this," and then named the motive he saw: "a calculated effort" to terrorize shipyard families so the men would stay home from work. Residents nailed their windows shut, put bars on their doors and slept with loaded guns. A local editorial warned that the rumors were "setting the stage for a wave of mass hysteria."
On June 20, someone forced open a side door at the home of H.M. Brodess, the father of a Pascagoula police officer. Brodess found that "the spring on my gun was broken," so he swung a wrench instead. The two men wrestled until the intruder got away. The next night, Mrs. R.E. Taylor woke up to a rag that police believed was soaked in chloroform: "I woke up about midnight with an awful smothering sensation." Her hair had been cut shorter on one side, possibly by someone reaching in through her open window.
A prowler spent the summer of 1942 cutting hair off sleeping children and taking nothing else, and police blamed a Nazi plot against the shipyard. The man they convicted was pardoned, buried and later found alive, and the Phantom Barber was never identified.
A German, a grave, a man in Sacramento
In mid-August, with help from a Pinkerton detective, police arrested William Dolan, a 57-year-old German chemist educated at Harvard and MIT. He openly supported Hitler. Police said he had a grudge against Terrell Heidelberg's father, a judge. Near the Dolans' shack, officers found a bundle of human hair that appeared to include strands from Carol Peattie. A jury took three hours to convict him of attempted murder, and he got ten years. The attacks stopped after his arrest.
Six years later, Governor Fielding Wright had Dolan take a polygraph, and Dolan passed. He was paroled in 1948, and Wright's successor later granted him a full pardon. Dolan moved his family to Waveland, signed everything he owned over to his wife, and vanished. Three weeks later, a drowned man was pulled from the Mississippi River near Chalmette, Louisiana. His wife and old friends identified the body as Dolan, even though the fingerprints didn't match. He was buried in Bay St. Louis.
In April 1954, Dolan was arrested for vagrancy in Sacramento, California, where he claimed to be from New York. His wife refused to believe it at first: "if that man had gotten out of the casket and apologized for getting drunk I'd be living with him today." Meanwhile, the state held back a $2,500 payment for his wrongful imprisonment, and the insurance company refused to pay on his life policy. In February 1955, she changed her mind and said the handwriting was her husband's. As for the stranger in the grave, she said, "if anybody wants him can come dig him up if they like."
Two men in the dark
Trichophilia, sexual arousal from looking at, touching or even eating human hair, could explain the snipping. It can't easily explain the jump to nearly beating a woman to death. Sheri and Max think there were probably two different men. One was a violent burglar who used the blackouts as cover. The other targeted sleeping children and women, and the sleeping victim may have been the real fetish, with the hair as his souvenir. Dolan, a loudly pro-Hitler man at the worst possible time, made an easy suspect. The governor who freed him, it turns out, was an avowed racist himself. The Phantom Barber was never caught.
