In 1908 a Wisconsin bachelor named Carl Peterson opened a letter from a Norwegian widow in La Porte, Indiana. She described twelve rooms, a windmill, 75 acres of apples, plums and currants, and three frisky children. Then came the catch: he would need $1,000 in cash. "I would not care for you as a hired man." Peterson didn't have the money, and he was ashamed to be turned down. Being poor probably saved his life.
Fires, fevers and good insurance
She was born Brynhilde Paulsdottir Størseth, and she left Norway for Chicago at 21. She worked as a servant and then in a butcher shop, processing animal carcasses, and she renamed herself Belle. She married a fellow immigrant, Mads Sorenson. Their home burned, and they had insurance. Their candy store burned too. Belle blamed an exploding kerosene lamp, though no lamp turned up in the ruins. They had insurance on that as well.
Two of their children, Caroline and Axel, died of colitis two years apart, and Belle collected on both policies. The neighbors whispered that she had never once been pregnant. In 1900 Mads came home with a headache. Belle gave him quinine powder, and within hours he was dead, on the last day one of his two life insurance policies was in force. Guests in the next room heard him start to say "Belle, you have been..." before she shut the bedroom door. His family believed he'd been poisoned with strychnine, but they couldn't afford to have his stomach analyzed. The widow collected $5,000 and waved off any talk of an autopsy: "Before I saw my dear husband cut up, I would forfeit that insurance money."
A sausage grinder falls
With that money she bought a hog farm outside La Porte. It had once been a brothel run by a notorious madam, and Belle fixed it up handsomely. In April 1902 she married Peter Gunness, a tall, blond, handsome widower. Eight months later he was dead. By Belle's account, he bent over to tie his shoe in the kitchen, and a heavy sausage grinder fell off a shelf above the stove and struck him on the head. At the time she had a pot of brine simmering for head cheese, a jellied loaf made from a hog's head. The coroner weighed the grinder, measured how far it had fallen, and ruled the death an accident. Peter's brother Gust turned down her invitation to stay and help run the farm: "I didn't like her eyes, and I didn't like the place, so I refused."
Bring only cash
Twice widowed, Belle placed matrimonial ads (the period's personal ads for people looking to marry) in Norwegian-language newspapers, looking for a gentleman willing to join fortunes with her. The mail carrier later testified that as many as eight letters a day came from hopeful suitors. They were mostly lonely, middle-aged farmers. John Moe came from Minnesota with $1,000 to pay off her mortgage and vanished within a week. Ole Budsberg mortgaged his Wisconsin land at a La Porte bank and was never seen again. When his sons wrote to her, Belle replied that she had never met him. George Anderson of Missouri woke one night to find Belle standing over his bed holding a candle, with a look so cold that he screamed. He caught the first train home. He was the only suitor who ever left her farm alive.
Andrew Helgelien, a North Dakota farmer, exchanged letters with her for two years. The letters were tender and insistent: "Do not say anything, even to your nearest." Keep your money away from the banks. And finally: "you must come for good, and prepare yourself. Do not return." In January 1908 he withdrew his life savings and went.
Belle Gunness lured at least eleven men to her farm and killed them for their money; she disappeared and was never caught. The body buried under her name isn't hers, and nobody knows where she, or her roughly one million dollars, ended up.
What the hog pen held
Belle's hired man and lover, Ray Lamphere, was a hard-drinking carpenter, and by then she had pushed him out. She told the whole town she was afraid of him. The day before her house burned, she signed a will and told her lawyer, "I'm afraid that fool Lamphere is going to kill me and burn my house." She also bought several large cans of coal oil. On April 28, 1908, the house burned down. Searchers found three children and a headless woman in the ruins, and Lamphere was arrested. The examining physician wasn't convinced: "In my opinion, the body of the woman found in that house is not Mrs. Gunness." The corpse weighed 150 to 160 pounds, and Belle weighed a solid 225.
Helgelien's brother came looking for Andrew. A farmhand named Joe Maxson showed him the soft spots he'd been told to level in the hog lot: "Just rubbish and garbage we've buried." Under the garbage they found men's shoes and a burlap sack holding hands, feet and Andrew's head. More sacks followed, until they had eleven bodies, each cut into six parts and packed in quicklime. Thousands of people came to watch, bringing picnics, and vendors sold ice cream and popcorn.
Everywhere and nowhere
The coroner declared Belle dead, so no warrant was ever issued. People kept reporting sightings of her anyway, in Detroit, New Mexico, Canada and New York City. An anonymous letter to the mayor claimed she had drugged the children, planted a decoy body and set a slow match: "Mrs. Gunness is alive and well." Lamphere was convicted only of arson, because two jurors refused to budge on the murder charges. He died of tuberculosis in prison a year later. In 1931, two men identified a Los Angeles poisoning suspect named Esther Carlson, who had died before trial, as Belle. Nobody has ever exhumed Carlson to test her DNA.
Belle's schemes brought in roughly a million dollars in today's money, and none of it was ever traced. Helgelien's brother put up a tombstone calling Andrew "the last victim of the Gunness Horror." Nobody can say whether that's true.
