Around five o'clock on May 30, 1899, two armed figures stepped out of the brush on a dirt road just past Riverside, Arizona, and stopped a stagecoach that had no reason to expect trouble. The smaller bandit never said a word, emptied the passengers' pockets, then handed each man back a one-dollar coin. The passengers weren't fooled by the disguise. The silent gunman was a woman.
No one riding shotgun
Stagecoaches carrying anything worth stealing usually had a shotgun messenger, a guard with a shotgun loaded with buckshot who sat to the driver's left. That's where the phrase "riding shotgun" comes from. No messenger meant no strongbox, and there hadn't been a robbery on that route in years anyway. So nobody on board expected what came around the bend.
The taller bandit, waving a Colt .45, did the talking. The smaller one held a cocked .38 and quickly stripped the passengers of cash, a gold watch, a chain and a six-shooter. Two of the men were armed and never got the chance to use their guns. The pair took the driver's revolver too, then galloped off. Under the cropped hair, the low hat and the dusty blue overalls was Pearl Hart.
The girl called Lily
She wasn't born Pearl. Lillie Davy was the third of nine children in Lindsay, Ontario, and her parents could neither read nor write. Her father, Albert, was a violent alcoholic who did time for offenses ranging from throwing his wife and children out of the house to trying to rape a 14-year-old girl at knifepoint. With no money and no food, the children turned to crime. Her brother Henry was an accomplished burglar by age 10. Lily and three of her sisters worked as prostitutes, and that work brought her into the path of a madam named Pearl Hart. Lily later took the name as her own.
In their early teens, Pearl and her younger sister Katie ran off to Buffalo, dressed as boys and got factory jobs until their parents tracked them down two months later. Two years after that they bolted for Chicago. There they worked as boot blacks, which is an old word for shoeshine boys, and slept in empty boxcars and haylofts. Then Pearl grabbed a watermelon off a wagon, and a police officer caught her before she'd made it a block. Their disguises were good enough to land both sisters in a reform school for boys. The staff saw through them in about a minute and sent them to a school for wayward girls. They lasted three months there before climbing down a rope of bedsheets and heading for Montana.
When Pearl was 16, her parents shipped her off to a boarding school in Montreal. Within four months she had eloped with a neighbor named Henry Boardman.
Annie Oakley and the open road
At the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago, Boardman worked as a barker on the Midway while Pearl slipped into Buffalo Bill's Wild West show. It had 450 horses, buffalo hunts, trick riders, attacks on stagecoaches and the sharpshooter Annie Oakley. Pearl was transfixed. This was a life.
Her marriage didn't outlast the show's run. What came next is a broken, winding trail: rumors of bigamy, a shady piano player named Dan Bandman, and a man named Earl Lighthawk who had been her sister Katie's. When Pearl cheated on Lighthawk, he shot himself in the head. He survived, and so did the relationship, since the couple later had a daughter. Some women just have this, I don't know, power or something.
By the time she reached Mammoth, Arizona, Pearl was on her own, cooking beans for miners in a lawless camp. When the mining company failed, she had $10 to her name. She paid eight of those dollars for a wagon ride to Globe, a town rough enough that Ike Clanton, who survived the gunfight at the OK Corral, ended up there and was killed by a deputy. One of her fellow passengers was Joe Boot, a Chicago shoemaker turned prospector. One evening on the trail, the group watched the Globe stage lumber past with no guard aboard.
America's most famous woman stagecoach robber admitted her guilt in court and was acquitted anyway, because the jury pitied a daughter trying to reach her dying mother. Her mother lived another 16 years, and Pearl went to prison only because an angry judge had her retried for stealing a revolver.
Robbery on the Globe Trail
In Globe, Pearl worked in a hotel that doubled as a brothel. There she learned that her mother was close to death, and she had no money to get home. Digging on Boot's mining claim didn't pay either. So Pearl pitched robbing the stage. Boot refused, since he was no bandit. Then Pearl drew a brace of six-shooters (a matched pair) and dazzled him with her aim.
They hid behind a large rock for three hours. When the coach came, Pearl leaped out first with one revolver aimed at the driver and the other at the passengers. The driver had eight dollars, and she told him to keep it because he'd earned it. Afterward the robbers wandered around for days. On June 5, 1899, a posse led by Sheriff Truman of Pinal County found them asleep and arrested them.
Famous at last, kind of
In the Tucson jail, admirers and reporters lined up to see her. A fan gave her a bobcat kitten, and she fell in love with another inmate, Ed Hogan. When the bobcat bit Hogan, he slammed it to the floor and killed it. He won Pearl back by cutting a hole in a window grate so she could escape. She was caught 12 days later, dressed as a man again.
The Arizona Weekly Star called her a "notorious prostitute and morphine fiend." At her trial, all ruffles and frills, Pearl told the court she "did not consent to be tried under a law in which my sex had no voice in making." She admitted her guilt, and the jury let her go anyway. They pitied a daughter trying to reach her dying mother, who went on to live another 16 years. The disgusted judge had her arrested again, this time for stealing a guard's revolver. The second jury convicted her. Boot got 30 years and Pearl got five, as the only woman in the Yuma Territorial Prison.
In December 1902, Governor Alexander Brodie pardoned her, amid rumors of an affair with the warden. She went on to play the robber in a stagecoach holdup onstage, in a play one of her sisters had written. By 1904 she was in a Kansas City jail for receiving stolen property. There she told her jailers about being chained to Hogan by the ankles after their recapture, and said "being chained together that way was worse than being married."
Even her death is murky. Most accounts say she died in 1955 and was buried as Pearl Bywater. John Boessenecker, author of Wildcat, says she died in 1934 at her daughter's home in Los Angeles, and that she's buried under the name Lillie Naomi Meyers.
