In 1908, Massachusetts lawmakers were told that ten Americans were being buried alive every single day. Half a century later, a former alligator wrestler and moonshine runner from the Florida panhandle turned that nightmare into a paycheck. He had himself lowered into plywood boxes under drive-ins, car lots and strip clubs, and he billed himself as Country Bill White, the Living Corpse.
Hands found upraised
The fear of being buried alive has a name, taphophobia, and it once had good reason behind it. A 1908 proposal for a Massachusetts law to prevent premature burial claimed "Ten persons are buried alive in the United States each day in the year." Doubtful lawmakers appointed a committee to investigate, and it came back agreeing: thousands of Americans were being accidentally buried alive. Undertakers who had dug up bodies reported that "Hands are found upraised, fingers clenched in the hair, and in many instances, the hair has been torn out by the handful."
George Hayward, a jeweler from Missouri, lived to describe it. A pitchfork tine pierced his skull, and he was declared dead. The likely cause was catalepsy, a neurological condition that locked his limbs rigid and slowed his breathing until he passed for a corpse. He heard every word, felt his family's tears rain on his face, lay through his own funeral and listened to the clods of earth hit the lid. What saved him was a fight. The doctor and the undertaker argued so fiercely over the cause of death that they dug him up after dark to settle it, and someone shouted, "look out, you fool. He is alive." As Hayward put it, "I owe my life to the doctor's dispute about what caused my death."
Six years earlier in Buenos Aires, Rufina Cambaceres, a 19-year-old cattle heiress, wasn't so lucky. A cemetery caretaker heard noises from her family's crypt and opened her coffin. The inside was gouged with deep scratches, and so was her face. Inventors answered with chest buttons wired to alarm bells, spring-loaded lids and Dr. Johann Gottfried Taberger's graveyard bell, strung to the corpse's hands, head and feet. Sometimes those bells rang falsely, thanks to the natural processes of decomposition, and that's as far into it as anyone needs to go.
Room to raise a family
Bill White was born in 1934. At nine, a blasting cap exploded in his hands, and it took multiple surgeries to save his eyesight. After that he lived as if he were immortal. He wrestled alligators for tourists' cash, did trick riding on motorcycles, walked on the wings of biplanes and made trick parachute jumps.
In 1964, on a three-hour Greyhound layover, he walked to a car dealership in Columbus, Georgia, to meet Digger O'Dell, a burial artist: a performer who had himself buried alive, mostly to advertise his gas station and gift shop in Phenix City, Alabama. When Digger said his box was four by four by eight, White shot back, "hell, I got enough room down there to raise a family." Digger dared him to try it. On his very first try, White outlasted him: "Forty-nine days I stayed down."
Soon businesses figured out that a living corpse at a grand opening all but guaranteed a crowd. Car dealerships and country music bars hired him, and so did strip clubs. Drive-ins paired him with horror double features like Werewolf in a Girls' Dormitory and even sold daytime admission just to see him. Spectators peered at his face through a window in the lid and called him on a phone line wired into the box. He fought off snakes and mice with a can of spray deodorant, and a hurricane once washed him right out of the ground. As for his diet, he told the Orlando Sentinel: "It's hamburgers. When I'm above ground, I hate them. But I crave them when I'm in the box."
A ring through the slot
In February 1966 he went under at Panther Hall, the legendary Fort Worth music venue, and answered his phone, "the living corpse, with whom do I have the pleasure of speaking?" Calls came about every seven seconds, from as far away as Guam and Scotland. One caller was Lottie Howard, a secretary. First she called by day, then every night, and he proposed before anyone dug him up. So smitten he couldn't wait, he cut the stunt short after three weeks and three days.
Asked what his bride thought of his line of work, he said, "She's going to try it herself. I'm training her right now." On June 9, 1966, Lottie was buried at a drive-in in Denison, Texas. Six days later she stuck her hand up through a slot in her coffin, Bill crouched down to slide the ring onto her finger, and a justice of the peace performing his first wedding ever pronounced them man and wife.
People once rigged coffins with bells so they could escape being buried alive, but Country Bill White did it on purpose, for money. He spent about two and a half years of his life in boxes under drive-ins, car lots and strip clubs, and met at least two of his wives over a phone line into his grave.
Papers down the pipe
In 1967 in Largo, Florida, he set a record of 56 days. Rain flooded the box, so he built a new floor that left his face brushing the lid, while Lottie camped beside his grave and brought him meals and sponges to wash with. Within a year she decided he'd be the family's only living corpse. In Austin in 1968 he claimed a new world record of 62 days, 22 hours and 23 minutes. Meanwhile, Lottie had been seeing a lawyer. A deputy dropped a court order down the six-inch food pipe: $75 a week in support.
The stunts that followed got stranger. There was a three-person coffin in Charleston, West Virginia, shared with a 23-year-old go-go dancer and a 34-year-old grandmother, which he quit within five days, blaming stomach cramps. He met his next wife the same way he'd met Lottie, on the phone from six feet under. At a beer hall in St. Petersburg, Florida, topless dancers performed on top of his tomb. "This sure beats being buried in a used car lot," he said.
A phone in the box
For his 50th burial, a mobile home company built him an eight-by-four coffin in Dover, Delaware, with carpet, air conditioning and a color TV. "By God, I could raise a family in that box." The crowd was so big that the lid started to cave in under its weight, and he came up after 12 days. In 1978 he stayed down 134 days behind a Massachusetts radio station. Then in 1981, at 47, after being told he was too old for this, he took a bet and lasted 140 days under a country-western bar's parking lot in Killeen, Texas.
In 1987 the Guinness Book of World Records stopped recognizing burial records because the stunts were too dangerous. White still talked about one more run: "I've been crazy as hell all my life and I'm gonna stay that way." It never happened. He died on December 21, 2006, after spending about two and a half years of his life underground. Once asked how he wanted to be buried, he said, "Doesn't matter to me so long as they put a phone in the box."


