In November 1969, Science Digest ran a special section promising that by 1975, we could be mass producing this creature called man. Then 1975 came and went. The digital camera showed up that year, but copies of people didn't. Decades later, a research chemist stood alone at a press conference and announced that the first cloned human baby, a girl the team called Eve, had been born. The company behind the claim belonged to the world's largest UFO religion.
A noose made of baby hair
The real science started small. In 1885 the German biologist Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch took a sea urchin embryo, a painfully simple thing only two cells big. He expected that splitting it would give him half an animal. Instead, a little shake split the embryo and produced two whole, complete sea urchins. In 1902 Hans Spemann tried the same thing with a salamander. He tied a teeny tiny noose out of a strand of baby hair and tightened it until the embryo split, and each half grew into an adult salamander. He won the Nobel Prize in 1935, and anyone patient enough to tie a noose out of baby hair had earned it.
Then came Dolly. In 1996 a sheep became the first mammal ever cloned from an adult cell, and that was the breakthrough. Adult cells shut down the genes they don't need for their jobs, so cloning from one means resetting the cell to its embryonic factory settings. Scientists admit that the process that resets those cells is unknown at this time. Dolly took 277 attempts and produced one living lamb. President Bill Clinton pushed back: "Each human life is unique, born of a miracle that reaches beyond laboratory science."
The prophet's road to forever
For the Raelians, cloning wasn't a moral hazard. It was the whole point. Their founder, Claude Vorilhon, a Frenchman who calls himself Rael, teaches that humanity is a genetic experiment carried out by extraterrestrials called the Elohim, the same name that turns up in the Bible. Raelians believe in no God, no soul, no afterlife and no reincarnation. Instead, they say the Elohim track human DNA and will pick the most worthy people to be made immortal through cloning. Rael had been preaching this for decades, and he enjoyed watching Dolly change the mood: "Then came Dolly the sheep and now nobody is laughing anymore. Everybody is afraid and we are laughing."
His book Yes to Human Cloning, published on New Year's Day 2001, filled in the details. An accelerated growth process would produce clones already between 15 and 17 physical years old. With no memory or personality, they'd be like computer hardware or virgin cassettes. Your memories and personality would get downloaded into the fresh body, over and over, forever. Rael said he had watched the Elohim put a cell from his forehead into a huge aquarium-like machine and grow a perfect copy of him in seconds.
Clonaid and the order of angels
In 1997 Rael founded a company called Clonaid and made Brigitte Boisselier its CEO. She was more than a believer. She had served in Rael's order of angels, an elite harem of women groomed to have sex with the Elohim when they return, and with Rael if he wanted. Her own daughter later signed up as a surrogate mother for the cloning program. In the US, the only law touching cloning banned federal funding for it, so a private company had room to work. When Clonaid announced in 2000 that it had received a big donation to clone a child, Boisselier and Rael ended up testifying before Congress. The people who'd been called kooks now had global credibility overnight.
Boisselier told 60 Minutes Australia about the first candidate: a baby who had died, sampled before death, whose parents were paying about two hundred thousand dollars. Then, in December 2002, she announced Eve's birth, saying "She was born yesterday at 11.55 a.m." She claimed ten implantations, with five lost early and five still going. The parents didn't come, and she didn't say where the baby was born. In January 2003 Clonaid said three more clones were due soon.
The world's first "cloned human" was announced by a UFO religion that believes aliens will make the worthy immortal in blank teenage copies of themselves. The company behind it ran out of a post office box and never offered a shred of proof.
Built-in kill switch
Cloning a person is nothing like cloning a sheep. Primate eggs carry spindle proteins, which cells need in order to divide, packed tight against the chromosomes. Remove the egg's nucleus and the spindles go with it. Primate eggs are also fragile, animal eggs won't reset human DNA, and human eggs for experiments are almost impossible to get. Even the animal clones that survive tend to be bigger at birth, prone to organ defects and quick to age. Dolly died at six, half a normal sheep's lifespan. The sheep she was cloned from had been six years old. Coincidence?
Nothing left to test
Clonaid hired Michael Guillen, a former science editor for ABC News, to oversee independent tests. The testing stopped before it started, reportedly because Eve's parents pulled their permission once Florida moved to put the baby under court protection. Golan admitted the whole thing might be a publicity hoax. The FDA opened an investigation, and a Florida lawyer named Bernard Siegel asked for guardianship of the baby. The judge threw the case out. By then Clonaid said two more clones had been born, one in Japan and one in the Netherlands. It never offered any proof. The company ran out of a post office box, its vice president in Vegas couldn't get Boisselier to call him back, and she was talking up the Babytron, an artificial womb that would cut women out of the process entirely.
Rael made Boisselier his second-in-command. She later moved to Los Angeles and started Clitoraid, which raises money for reconstructive surgery for women who have undergone genital mutilation. Rael lives in Japan, runs a YouTube channel called Rael Academy and backs Go Topless, which campaigns for American women's right to go topless in public just like men. Meanwhile the rich clone their dogs for $50,000 apiece, and Barbra Streisand and Paris Hilton have both done it. But DNA might be who we are, but it's not all of who we are.
