NASA doesn't hire ordinary people. In 2013 the agency looked at 6,000 applicants and took eight. So it's worth paying attention when a few of the steadiest minds our species has ever sent off the planet come home and say, calmly and on the record, that we are not alone.
The right stuff is shorthand for a certain kind of person. These are test pilots and astronauts, the people who find their limits and then push right past them. NASA's psychological screening looks for an easygoing disposition, the ability to work closely with others, and resiliency. It weeds out psychiatric disorders, marital troubles, irritability, impatience and big egos. The job ranks among the three hardest in the world, and a small mistake can kill a whole crew. For comparison, when kids were surveyed in 2019, most in the US and the UK said they wanted to be YouTubers. YouTuber doesn't crack the top 40 on that list.
The man who napped at liftoff
Gordon Cooper was an Air Force pilot, an aeronautical engineer and the youngest of the seven original Mercury astronauts. He was so calm that he's the only astronaut ever to doze off on the launchpad during a countdown. On May 15, 1963, he rode Faith 7, the last Mercury mission, into orbit. He became the first American to spend a whole day in space and the first astronaut to sleep there. On his 17th orbit, he sent back the first TV images ever transmitted from a crewed American spacecraft.
On the 19th orbit, the wiring short-circuited and knocked out the automatic stabilization and control systems. The cabin climbed to 134 degrees Fahrenheit, and CO2 levels kept rising. Cooper took manual control and read the star patterns to line up the capsule for reentry. He worked out his route with a grease pencil on the window. Then he timed the parachutes by hand and splashed down less than five miles from the ship sent to pick him up.
This same man saw his first UFO over Germany in 1951. He described metallic, saucer-shaped craft with no wings that pulled maneuvers no airplane could and accelerated "well past Mach one." He later wrote to the United Nations, proposing a neutral clearinghouse where sightings could be gathered and properly investigated. After years of aircraft testing and research at Edwards, he concluded the craft weren't being built in the United States, "very likely not on this planet."
Mind experiments on the ride home
Edgar Mitchell, a Navy officer, test pilot and aeronautical engineer, was lunar module pilot on Apollo 14 in 1971. The mission hit bad luck at almost every step. Once the crew was in lunar orbit, a failed switch started sending false abort signals, telling the lander to call off the landing. Mission control's first idea was to give the panel next to the switch a little thump. When that didn't hold, the real problem turned out to be in software nobody could change from the ground. Mitchell typed the code changes in by hand with seconds to spare. On the surface, the terrain didn't match the maps. Mitchell still found time to throw a tool handle like a javelin while Alan Shepard hit golf balls.
On the way home, Mitchell ran experiments even his crewmates didn't know about. He tried to send thoughts by mind to people back on Earth, and he claimed the results would happen by chance only one time in 3,000. Science called such things impossible, and religion called them satanic or divine. Mitchell's answer: "The reality is it does exist. And it is natural." In 1973 he founded the Institute of Noetic Sciences in Palo Alto to study consciousness. By 1998 he said he was 90% certain that many UFO sightings were visitors from other planets. Military and intelligence witnesses convinced him the government had covered this up for at least 50 years. He also grew up in Artesia, New Mexico, near Roswell, where the local talk was that the 1947 crash had been an alien craft.
He still had limits. "The notion that there are structures on Mars or the moon is bonkers. I can attest to the latter. I've been there."
NASA screened thousands of people to find the steadiest minds on Earth. Several of the astronauts it chose came home from orbit and the moon insisting that aliens are real.
Alone on the far side
On Apollo 15, Al Worden flew the command module Endeavor. When the mechanism meant to release the lander Falcon failed, he unbuckled, floated into the docking tunnel and separated the two ships by hand. Then he spent three days circling the moon alone, which earned him the Guinness title of most isolated human being. On the trip home he made the spacewalk farthest from Earth ever recorded, going hand over hand along the rails to retrieve film. From out there, he could see the Earth and the moon at the same time.
He skipped a lot of his rest periods to look out the portholes. In his 2011 book Falling to Earth, he wrote: "My vision was filled with a blaze of starlight." When Good Morning Britain asked whether he'd seen an alien, he said yes: "I look in the mirror every morning because that's what we are." His view was that someone else came here long ago and started civilization. For proof, he pointed to the ancient Sumerians.
Particles, panels and a voice scan
Others added to the pile. From Gemini 7 in 1965, Frank Borman reported "hundreds of little particles going by from the left," and he could see the rocket booster at the same time. In 2019, Michael Collins was asked on Twitter whether he believed in life beyond Earth. His answer was a simple yes. This is the Apollo 11 pilot who once cleared a cooling-system alarm by switching to manual and flipping it back again. He may be the first human ever to fix a computer by turning it off and on.
On Apollo 11's third day, the crew watched an object moving alongside them. Mission control told them the rocket's third stage was about 6,000 nautical miles away. After 12 long seconds, Neil Armstrong said, "Okay, thank you." Years later, Buzz Aldrin said it was sunlight glinting off a panel. But in 2005 he had told the Science Channel something different: "So technically, it becomes an unidentified flying object."
Headlines later announced that Cooper, Mitchell, Worden and Aldrin had all passed UFO lie detector tests. The fine print is less impressive. A nonprofit in Albany, Ohio, called the Institute of Bioacoustic Biology and Sound Health ran the astronauts' recorded voices through what it called top-secret technology. So the tests don't prove much. The men who took them are another matter.
